ACCOUNTING SYSTEM IN HINDU ARTHA SASTRA

BY : Drs .. I Wayan Dhana, Ak.

KAP. Johan, Malonda, Astika & Rekan, Cabang Denpasar.

WHD. NO. 477 OKTOBER 2006

1. Introduction

With regard to the Hindu Accounting System will be described below Arthasastra excerpted from the book, compiled by Kautilya about 300 years before Christ. Arthasastra book includes the basics about the domestic political / foreign, economics, accounting, law, national defense, culture, dsb.nya



It's too little bukubuku Hindus, like Arthasastra, which circulate in society, so that Hindus generally believe that the Hindu religion to his people only mangajarkan vertical relationships have problems, namely the relationship between a Hindu man with Ija Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa. Especially if you look at the manner in which diversity in the Balinese Hindus are full of ritual, dim ana no day without ceremony, and often also realized with the ceremony on a large scale, which cost up to billions of rupiah.



This was caused by a chronic lack of reading books that circulated in the public good associated with the more Sruti related Smerti.



With peraktek such religious ceremonies, to strengthen the impression among some Hindus themselves, let alone the non-Hindus, that Hindus Sud book only teaches the human relations problems with Tuhannnya alone. This impression resulted mengkerdilkan Hinduism and Hindus themselves, so do not be surprised if there are Hindus who feel embarrassed when I meet with other people, to confess Hindu. Generally as a barrier from the Hindu enthusiasts to enter officially became Hindus are: (1) the problem of caste and (2), the problem of religious ceremonies barrage and huge costs. When related to caste, it will be a myriad of questions arise, among others: the new Hindus into castes is what, and if you fall into one caste, then there are many more questions, whether these new arrivals wanted to have brothers / behave in a broad sense by holders of previous caste, really complicated.



Apparently, such barriers came later, and not derived from the Hindu concept. Error in align with the concept of color caste. Caste, forming structural differences, like the steps, one higher than the other, while the concept of color set the alignment based on function or their respective expertise. If the concept of color is applied, of course there is no problem for new entrants. Two fundamental weaknesses of the above in addition to the field of material weaknesses, very careful by-hand side, and serve as the basis for entry to penggrogotan freely. In connection with that all Hindus should be vigilant.





2. Understanding Accounting

Before you browse the Hindu Accounting System as contained in Arthasastra book, it should be understood that since time immemorial accounting knowledge needed by human society. Science describes the main accounting records procedures that must be done to assets, liabilities / debt and capital. In most of the time people are still illiterate, the way recording is done by scraping chalk or other means to remember an incident base / event or an amount that is worth the money.



The accounting system used by the Indonesian people today often referred to as the conventional accounting system. Called the conventional accounting system, because the system is built on the convention / agreement-kesepakan the accounting experts around the world, so the system can be applied globally.



Understanding the current accounting is "an art of recording, classifying and pengihtisaran transactions and events are worth the money by a certain way and then interpret the results. Accounting system can be given formula" a group of elements (accounting itself as an element), which is closely related to each others, that function in bersamasarna to achieve certain objectives ". A system created with the aim of dealing with something that routinely happens. Activities of accounting occurs regularly in a non-business institutions and business.



3. Financial Accounting Standards.

Currently Accounting divided into 2 (two) categories, namely financial accounting and managerial accounting. Financial accounting is designed to be able to present financial statements, primarily for external parties companies / institutions. Because the parties who would use such financial statements so much, and for various purposes, so in preparing the financial statements should be governed by the standards of a standard and binding, so that the financial statements made by management are not too many variations.



Managerial accounting, the accounting devoted solely to the interests of management, so there should be no standards that bind in presenting da'n publish.



Financial accounting is set with a standard called the standard. Financial Accounting Standards can be grouped into 3 namely: (1) financial accounting standards for profit-seeking activities, (2) activities which do not seek profit social activities undertaken by foundations, associations, etc., and (3) the activities carried out by the government . For profit-seeking activities and social activities of accounting standards contained in the book of Financial Accounting Standards issued by the Indonesian Institute of Accountants (IAI), while for public sector accounting standards stipulated in Government Regulation no. 24 In 2005, the Government Accounting Standards, and declared effective from the year 2005. All financial accounting standards mentioned above apply the akural.



Arthasastra book written about 300 years BC includes a lot about accounting, in which term as uk financial accounting systems and managerial accounting systems, and has implemented as as accruals as applied by conventional accounting systems today.

According Arthasastra, financial accounting at that time the government has implemented the principles of accrual, a step that is very advanced. For comparison, the American superpower to apply the principles of financial accounting accruals for the government by the year 70's and apply it in Indonesia in 2005.



Best Management Accountability Report.

Realized, a good recording system of an organization going to face!; Ilkan accountability good also. A good accountability means accountability made by the leadership of the organization described the actual situation of the organization's activities. Preparing reports organizations petanggung answer is the responsibility of the leadership of the organization. According to Financial Accounting Standards, for reports that management can be made on a periodic basis, ie monthly, quarterly or yearly. The reports must be made by the management is at the end of each accounting period is called the Financial Report, the Balance Sheet teridiri, List of Loss / Profit, Cash Flow Statement and report changes in the Capital.



Beginning in 1973, to organize the financial administration of activities which seek profit or nonprofit (outside of government finance), financial accounting regulated by Indonesia Indonesian Accounting Principles, issued by the Indonesian Institute of Accountants .. Beginning in 1994 too, Indonesian Accounting Principles book was changed to Financial Accounting Standards (SAK). Accounting Principles as Indonesia embraced as accrual. Management responsibility report can actually be made by applying the principles of a single book (cash based) and the principle of accrual .. If cash is used the system at compile time the financial statements at the end of each accounting period adjustments should be made a journal of the posts as building depreciation, prepaid expenses, income received in advance, and sebaginya. So pure cash system can not be used to compile financial statements, as such use mixed systems. Called mixed system, because the period of recording activities using cash system, while at the finance laboratory is made up of journal posts that require penyesesuai.an as described above. Organization's accountability report is required. For individual activities, the report is important for himself, to know the development of business activities. As for activities that owners of capital Iebih from one person, each owner wants to know the development of capital from the capital which he has planted. For the government sector, the head of government also need to know the success or failure of activities run for one financial year for accountability to its people. The book turned out to have been set Arthasastra of accountability that the government sector budget.





Accounting Dalarn Western and Hindu Literature

In some accounting books western (read American), said at around 1400 AD, to record its business activities, the great Venetian merchants have implemented properly accounting



There was also an inscription says, in Roman times, Roman businessmen do not always recording, so the accountant in running the duty to audit, by listening to stories from business owners about their business activities. The word comes from the audit audire meaning to hear,

When compared with the data in the western literature, was accounting on Indian soil was much more advanced, it proved Arthasastra written about 300 years BC already described sebelurn length accounting has even introduced a system of bookkeeping in pairs to record the financial activities of government.



According to data obtained through the Internet, companies that use accounting system Hindus, standing in Waru, near Surabaya, East Java in 1976, called Ispat Indo, is engaged in the steel industry. The company was founded by the descendants of Indians, named Lakshmi Mittal. Accounting system used is called Parta Accounting.



Currently steel company is the largest steel company in the world, with several companies in various countries, such as the United States, Germany, France, Russia, dsb.nya ..

Viewed from the types of companies and associated with the need for accounting services, the company is classified in the two firms kelompokyaitu trade / service and industrial companies. Industrial companies are companies that process raw materials into finished goods, such as Pertamina to process crude oil into premium, and others. Industrial company accounting system requires a much more complex than commercial companies / services. For example, the trading company known only one type of inventory stock of merchandise, while the industry inventory consists of: supply of raw materials; supplies auxiliary materials, goods in process inventories, supplies semi-finished and finished goods inventory.



Pact shows, Ispat Indo as a steel company was successfully supported by Parta Accounting System, Accounting Parta the means-tested as a reliable accounting system to handle the kinds of businesses most complex.



Continued discussion of the accounting system that has implemented Arthasastra double accounting principles, which means all the rights and obligations of institutions / companies are recorded as incurred, and not when received at au issued in the form of cash. In fact, in this modern age there are many companies and even governments who are still applying the simple principle that is the principle of cash.



As evidence has berkemb \ ing in public registry system (accounting) in the period as a writer Kautilya Arthasastras, loaded at (Ats 1: 95) which reads: "The supervisors should develop a records office facing east or north, with separate wards, ( a) a place to record books.



More evidence that at the time of the recording system was so advanced Arthasastra evidenced by the wealth of government; ah (royal) hidtip of wild elephants in a forest area must be recorded by a guard who helped the elephant elephant handlers. This is described in (Ats 11: 78) "They (elephant keeper) should make a written note to each elephant, whether moving in groups, alone, lost from the group, or the head of the group, wild, drunk, elephant or elephant boy released from confinement ".



6. Accounting Process.

The final product of accounting financial statements obtained through a process, ie since memisahmisahkan evidence of proof of accounting and non accounting. In order books in pairs, the order is recorded all evidence of accounting (whether paid / received the money, or not) into a book

usual daily called journals, notes the journal to the ledger and ledger, a balance experiment at each end of each accounting period (monthly, quarterly, dsb.nya) and the last to make Balance Sheet and List of Loss / Profit after accounting processes run for 12 moon. Based on the description set out in the Arthasastra, that the era accounting activities have been through a process that is very advanced, it is evident from the number of possible explanations: "There he should get recorded in a notebook; magnitude of the number, the activities and the total revenue departments; number of additions or a reduction in the use of various materials, costs, additional costs, salaries of workers in relation to the factories; price, quality, weight, size, height, etc.. (Ats.2: 95).



From the description above can be explained that the leader (king) through the financial bureau chief assigned to experts in every department of accounting records untukmelakukan of the rights and obligations of the state at t tersebu Department in an orderly and organized, so that the known types of activities, total revenues, income and consumption materials / goods, the burden of salaries, the addition and reduction in expenditures, cost, etc..



With the advent of the addition or subtraction term costs, means that at the time of each department has an annual budget specified in the monthly budget may even be already elaborated into a more kecillagi budget. Realization is always compared with the budget, and calculated the difference, beneficial or harmful. In addition, the description

accounting processes mentioned above can also be interpreted that the recording system is the system adopted in pairs, accounting evidence, first recorded in a journal. Having done penjurnalan, the journal data recorded in the ledger (ledger), each book is also equipped with a large ledger (subsidiary ledger). This problem is reflected in the expression, the total income in a department. So the total income is known through the ledgers of income, while the details of each type of revenue recorded in the income ledger. Collection of balances of each ledger form a total income in an accounting period. Not impossible, Account Code and applicable as codes Budget eyes also been applied at the time, making it easier to control.



As proof of age has been applied Arthasastra accrual system as adopted in the conventional accounting system right now is a phrase that is still an open acceptance that is contained in (Ats. 3: 95) which sounds a.1. : "For it should submit a written estimate (the plan), revenue earned, the revenue is still open, income and expenditure, balance, dst.nya". The word is still an open reception or open an account for the receipt, which means receivables acceptance, the term is only found in akrua1 accounting system.



In point (Ats. 17: 93), explained more about the estimated open int, which is associated with, the revenue yet to be charged, as follows. : "Revenue consists of three types: current revenues, which is still open, and that taken from other sources". Admission is still open which meant revenue yet to be charged, which means the receivables.







7. Bookkeeping evidence.

Steps recording begins when the transaction occurs is supported by source documents. Dukumen sources are original records supporting each transaction, such as fakturpenjualan, proof of delivery, receipt of cash receipts, and others. Berd'asarkan evidence that accounting and accounting records to the journal. Note in a periodic journal moved to a big book, and so on.



Arthasastra found in many meaningful phrases adanyaalat required as evidence supporting an activity. In (Ats. 10: 89) stated: He should receive the money authorized by Rupadarsaka (coin examiner). So the endorsement by the examiner currency must be done through the receipt of money. Receipt of the money that has been validated as a tool used in the accounting records revenues.



Judging from the Director of warehousing duties as described in (Ats 15: 147), that the activities in this directorate Must always supported by evidence strong prior record into the record book is required, it is seen from: "In the eighth part of the day , they (employees in this section) must submit to the Director of Warehousing, stating, as much as it is sold;. it rest.



Provides reports as mentioned above is impossible if not supported by evidence strong support.


Accounting evidence is needed in the event of a case. Owner evidence completely and correctly for goods or money he has will benefit the litigants themselves. This was revealed in (Ats. 30: 103) which reads: "When in an indictment of the correct amount, only a small part can be proved. He will receive part of what is proved".



Later on (Ats. 31: 103) states that if a person can not prove, that he was right, then he will be subjected to corporal punishment and money, and he will not receive good treatment.



Based on the above explanation relating to evidence, was proof the system adopted Arthasastra reversed, ie the party accused him of corruption required to prove that corruption is not concerned. This is very different from the legal system in our country today, that the parties prosecutor (prosecutor), who is obliged to prove that someone is doing corruption.



8. Year Budget.

Government budgets are arranged in a certain cycle that can be grouped into short-term budget, medium term and long term. Short-term budget is the budget for a period of one year, medium-term budget for a five-year budget and the rest is a long-term budget.



For short-term budget, Ar, thasastra clearly set as follows: "Three hundred and fifty-four days and nights a year of work", (Ats. 6: 96).





So for the short-term budget accountability of the answer turned every 354 days in a year.



Revenue, expenditure and balance the Budget.
Arthasastra provide a clear understanding of the income, revenues and expenditures anggaranj so as to facilitate the work of implementing the budget.



In (Ats. 13: 92) stated: Estimated (income), income, income in the form of bills, income and expenditure and balance (this is the main points in the books).



So bookkeeping budget should clearly note the amount of budget, income received, income is still a bill, and then spending with budget balance. The amount of budget revenues and expenditures should be included in the books to compare between the realization of the budget. It is used to measure the effectiveness and efficiency of the executive budget. Definition of income is emphasized again in (Ats. 18: 93) which reads as follows: "What goes from day to day is the current income (wartamana).



Furthermore, expenditures related to understanding the explanation given in point (Ats. 23: 94), as follows.: "Spending consists of four kinds: pengeluraran now, that comes now, the benefits (and) what the benefits arising from, this is the expenditure budget balance at the end of a fiscal year be transferred to the next financial year. This is described in (Ats. 27: 94), as follows.: "What is left after the calculation of income and 'expenditure of the principal amount of revenue is the balance (Nivi) received and moved.



Officials administrator (if present Head of the Department of Finance Bureau (author), at the end of each fiscal year must prepare an analysis of the budget progress made and implemented, and must make improvements in the next year.



This was revealed at (Ats. 29: 94), as follows. : "So the officials Administrator (Samaharta) are wise will determine the acceptance and showed increased income and savings (reduction), and will improve if the opposite happens.



Accounting Control System In Arthasastra.

An accounting system is considered good if the system has found a good surveillance system as well. Monitoring system through this accounting device must be attached (built in) or automatic. Each gap may be the emergence of a leak must be covered by the existing system. Admittedly, a good system however, is not immune to collusion, meaning that the company burglary attempt made jointly by several company employees, or employees working with companies outside the company to break into the company they worked at temp. Crimes in the form of collusion in the company generally rather difficult to know, unless they divulge the secret of, caused by the same division or rejekinya not they make an agreement is violated.





Monitoring systems in the Accounting System Arthasastra very good, this can be formulated as follows. :



1). Control lndria

As the accounting is a human being. Relative to men who would melaks; chicks presented accounting ping rnasalah taught and trained accounting problems, also taught how to control the problem talta senses. Control senses meant was: control lust, anger, greed, pride, proud and stubborn (Ats. 1: 17). This means starting from the spiritual guidance of implementing these accounting. Arthasastra also explained, that success in implementing the tasks in general (of course without the corruption); greatly depends on the control senses that his own task.



Arthasastra provides a feature of one's ability to control the senses, that person is not excessive Iebihan in menikmah pleasure derived from the sounds, touch, taste, sense of audience, tongue and sense of smell (Ats. 2: 17).



In line with the requirements of controlling the senses, the employees engaged in accounting activities should be selected from the encyclopedia of 5 M, ie: Madat (like smoking and drinking drug), Munyah (rather drunk), Thieves (steal), Madon (love affair ) and Motoh (like gambling).



Control element in the implementation of akuntsansi as defined above is not found in conventional accounting system.



2). Use of accounting evidence.

In point 6 above has been explained that each record in the Great Books and Book attendants must be supported with a complete accounting evidence. Accounting records and evidence must be accounted for by the bookkeeper to bertarlggungjawab superiors, as well as to internal and external examiner at the time of examination performed.



3). Budget System.

Financial accounting system has been adopted menmut Arthasastra budget system. Budget serves as a planning tool and also as a means of control. Periodically, a weekly, monthly, and at the end of the year, the budget serves as a surveillance tool. All activities as stipulated in the budget, on a periodic basis, the difference-the difference is analyzed and found the cause and made repairs.



4). Fiscal Year

Stipulation of the financial year is very important as a means of separation from the boundary which do accounting activities. Separation limit, meaning means control of its activities during that period. One year or a year budget, according Arthasastra work is for 354 days and nights (Ats. 6: 96).



5). Daily checks, Five Harlan, Two Weeks, One month, four month and year.

After the business / institution running and everything is recorded in the accounting, then be checked as much as 6 stages mentioned above (Ats. 30: 98. Before checking or examination as mentioned above, of the activities that need to be sorted out for subject of one of these checks. Not all activities need to be checked daily, five daily, two weekly, monthly. That requires daily checks like: Cash, Inventory, Account Receivable / Billing, Yang Given Advances, Debt, and others. If for industrial companies, the daily checks plus pabrikase activities to determine the goods in process, intermediate goods and finished goods.



Having determined that the activities should be checked daily, and then determined which should be checked five daily, two weekly, monthly, four months and a year. Which can be checked on an annual basis such as changes in capital, fixed assets, dsb.nya



Implementation of the daily checks, the five daily and two weekly, monthly, conducted by the internal forces of their own bookkeeping. However, these activities can also check conducted by supervisors from outside the accounting (external examiner), but the cost becomes expensive.



Judging from checking procedures as mentioned above, means the procedure is very strict supervision.



6). External Supervisor.

The so-called external oversight, the oversight agency in charge of surveillance is beyond the objects of controlled / checked. So supervisors who supervise independent (free) to the object under investigation. This means that the organizational oversight no connection with the audited organization.



Arthasastra has mcnerapkan this principle in the ektern supervisors seats. An institution that stands a visible external oversight of the explanation. The supervisor should develop records office facing east, or north, with a separate ward where the record books. (Ats. 1: 95).



Further explained, the officers should shortly yerahkan recording in writing to the inspector (auditor) the estimated revenue obtained, which is still open acceptance, expenditure and balance (Ats. 3: 95).



The auditors consists of an experienced accountant in the field of duty, and was determined kerjanyapun day, ie on the full moon day Asadha (Ats. 16: 97). Pengawaspun working procedures are established, which is examining the income and expenditure with reference to the period of time, and so on. his (Ats. 31, 32: 98).



So a few things related to Hindu Accounting System which can be extracted from Arthasastra book, written by Kautilya. The concepts of conventional accounting system currently in force in Indonesia have been found in the Accounting System, as described above. Hopefully there are benefits.

WHD. NO. 480 JANUARY 2007

Pura(Temple) Barong-Barongan

Pasupati A MAHARSI

Pura Barong-Barongan name. Indeed unique, but this is how it is. Barong-Barongan Temple is one of the tracks Nirartha DangHyang trip in the South Badung region, precisely on the hill Sabie. Why is this temple called Pura Barong-Barongan?
Sound shore wind edge describes how calm atmosphere around the temple this Barong-Barongan. Weather changes so drastically area of this hill is a different atmosphere around the temple.

Where is the location of this temple?
When we walked into the Banjar Sawangan, Peminge Traditional Village, Kelurahan Benoa, Kuta District, Badung regency. Precisely in the South area of Hotel Nikko Bali, or keselatan from the hotel we will find the way to the beach lime. This Diareal temple location that has a long history in Bali, and not be forgotten by the Hindus in this area. Actually first, he says a source who had a chance to MBA metirtayatra to this temple. Barong-Barongan Pura Pura Dalem named Boma Reef. Why give the name of Pura Dalem Boma Reef? It is said that according to the ejection Dwijendra Tattwa, pretending it is one part of the Historian Danghyang Dwijendra in Bali. When he arrived at the location of the hills that jutted into the sea, then Danghyang Dwijendra menganugrahkan Pasupati to their students.

Because the location is a place to Pasupati, many wonder who owned the place. So start up a temple. Temple was originally called Pura Dalem Mua Reef. Because it can be termed pasupatinya with all things creepy-faced. So the temple is said to be the Pura Mua Reef. Over time the temple was eventually changed its name to Karang Boma. In addition there are several things that lead to this temple called Pura Barong-Barongan.
Which gives a barong-Barongan Temple is the fishermen. Story developing in society is when the fishermen went fishing at sea, they saw that the land that jutted into the sea saw like barong. For the fishermen finally marked the place in order not to get lost at sea. Land boundary mark that is used. That's when most of the fishermen saw that there were temples used as a sign of falling into the sea. And because the temple is shaped like a barong, the Barong diberilah-Barongan name. Simple.

Pura Barongan Barong-palebahan consists of two sides and links that links the middle. Temple disungsung by various components of society. In addition there are some places that beg Pasupati ketapaknya each temple Barong-Barongan. For example layer of Krama Sesetan Barong Lantang Bejuh Banjar, Holy-Badung, Sidakarya, Pedungan, Bualu, Pagan, Kelandis and so on.

Mamedek at Temple that could be classified into three namely as Pengemong, Pengempon and Pemaksan. As pengemongnya is Regig Mangku Jro family. While iru as is pengemponnya Gaduh Pasek, and Kebayan Pasek Pasek Pasek Gelgel and Denpasar. While last Pemaksan. This is a kind Pemaksan Sekaa which has the same duties with others, namely yadnya ceremony. Number of pemaksan at Temple-Barongan Barong is forty-four people. Barong-Piodalan Pura is on Barongan Tumpek Landep. Along with piodalan heritage. * Ambara

KEPT THE GOLDEN MONKEY AND LUK Telu KERIS

A Kecos manners who is a fisherman, when found to express Pura MBA-Barongan Barong is very haunted. In the past, when Kecos still glad to sea, every night a lot of fishermen kawehan manners. He looked as if there simply barong which appeared in the Temple, sped up and dancing. Because it often happens, eventually the local fishing community temples called Pura called Barong-Barongan.

Then for spiritual enthusiasts, whatever weirdness going on in this temple comes from the magical powers. Seeing the situation around, then there is some vibration that cause vibrations region becomes very strong. Besides being the edge of a cliff, this temple is a main attraction. Unfortunately the road to the location of this temple is very alarming condition, although there are star hotel next to the Hotel Nikko. When he arrived at the Temple location was felt vibrations MBA extraordinary magic. At the time asked Jro Mangku, it was magical vibrations coming from the Pasupati often viewed by such spiritual enthusiasts who have the Golden Kris luk three.

"It is this area used to be very haunted. But this time it keangkerannya can only be felt by certain people. It is caused each trust," he said. Once upon a time there was some spiritual adherents meditate in the temple to do this. By the time he shivered meditation can see that there are treasures of gold in front of his eyes. With great devotion of people who do meditation instantly begged safety and would not do negative things. There was also an animal that often hover like a monkey temple area. Kera is indeed very much disekliling temples. But do not dare to interfere with everything that is around the temple. * Ambara

PUSAKA Pasupati PLACE AND NUNAS PAICA

MAY only a small part of knowing conduct such Pura function. According to the function Regig Mangku Jro Barong-Barongan Temple is obvious is to nunas Pasupati. "Ida Lord in the Temple-Barongan Barong is sueca. Whatever is asked most people are given. Melinggih Ida Lord of the Temple-Barongan Barong is a Lord pengelingsir Queen Ida Ayu Manik Maketel. The duty to Bendesa and the surrounding area is controlled Ida Lord in this place was a woman dressed in white. Because they have been broken (holy) so everything is always brought about the elements of holiness.

With long hair, Ida Lord always gives the manners peanugrahan need. As noted above, this temple also has a function to nunas paica as healers. There have been many conventions that are outside and around the temple were nunas. All pinunas was granted. Both begged to be ngiwa, nengen (right) or the other. so the point is if you want to ask regarding safety Pasupati, both nunas to be ngiwa, in order to treat or otherwise, may apply in this temple. Until now so many successful healers and petition granted. At last piodalan layer barong many who came to attend the piodalan. * Ambara

Jro Mangku Regig
NGIRING PEKAYUNAN

Along with his duties as a functionary in the Temple in Karang Boma (Pura Barong-Barongan), Jro Mangku has its own tricks. For stakeholders who have the appearance of this cool and calm feel grateful because until now he had always given my family happiness.
"Pillar grateful for what the family will be fulfilled expectations." he said. On the other hand, although many obstacles encountered, he said he was trying as much as possible to ngiring pekayunan.

Jro Mangku who had served for 5 years has felt many things relating to his duties as a functionary. "until now I have not met resistance means. Because the pole do whatever is dedicated as a human being," he admitted. When questioned he admitted that he recalled the time padudusan ceremony in 1994, which at the time for the first time he was appointed as stakeholders. "The family are descendants Mangku pole in this temple. But the impression was found when the pole was appointed stakeholders," he said.

He felt that when he was appointed as the stakeholders there are some adjustments that had to do. Adjustment for him is tricky. Stakeholders from Sawangan Banjar is very resilient and persistent initiation activity and meditation. Finally the business done with perseverance, she began to successfully deal with various tests and trials. Until now feel Jro Mangku daily activities do not interfere with his duties as a functionary. In addition to a severe ordeal of adjusting, he also feels proud that could always close to the Ida Lord. "The most basic is how the pole could help people in conveying the desire of the temple is," he said. On the other hand, Jro Mangku also felt obligated to help people who find difficulties to life. * Ambara

Source: Baliaga

Shiva Ratri and Control of Lust

When people celebrate Saraswati Day, the day Kliwon Wednesday (7 / 1) Wuku

Sinta Hindu celebration continued with Pagerwesi. What exactly the nature of Pagerwesi?

TEACHER Hindu University of Indonesia (UNHI) Prof. Dr. TB Gunadha, M.Sc. said in this community celebration worship Pagerwesi Ida Sang Hyang Widhi (God) in its manifestation as Shiva or Master Hyang Paramestiguru - resources and all the teachers. Through coaching we can gurulah good learning curve.

Once people get kaweruhan (science), knowledge that is used as a strong fortress, ringed to the challenges of life or provision to achieve the welfare of life and inner peace.

In celebration of this Pagerwesi real people are taught about the discernment facing various challenges. Thus we are fully conscious. "When we face many challenges, we are taught true withdraw into berenung. With demilcian we can clearly see the problem so as to find solutions to solve or to obtain a clear path to stay on the path of truth (satya), "he said.

Similar dikatakari professor State Institute of Hindu Dharma (IHDN) Prof. Denpasar. Drs. Ketut Subagiasta, M.Sc., D. Phil. When Ida Sang Hyang Widi (Sang Hyang Aji Saraswati) decrease during Saraswati science, then the people need a teacher learn. In this case the teacher's role is very noble. When was the people Pagerwesi worships God in its manifestation as the master - Hyang Paramestiguru. "Once people get science, theory of knowledge is necessary practiced or implemented. In implementing the necessary guidance counselor. Of knowledge (jnana) is obtained by further interpreted or practiced (wijnana) to live a life full of obstacles, "he said as he confirmed that Pagerwesi implies that knowledge has ruled that the fence should be strong in life - fortify yourself with knowledge .

Lecturer UNHI Drs. TB Suatama, M.Sc. said the same thing. In the context of learning science, teacher attendance is very important study. Thanks to the guidance gurulah people can master the knowledge properly and correctly.

Teachers, continued TB Suatama, contains two things that gunatika and rupadita. Gunatika means a teacher must be able to pass TRIGUNA - Satyam, Anggara Wage coincide Sasih Gumbreg Wuku Kapitu (Tuesday, January 23, 2001), is a holy day for Hindus. These days known as Siwalatri / Siwaratri or Night of Shiva. Latri means night (dark). And even the night was the darkest night than other nights. Manners among the general Balinese Hindus call it "peteng Pitu".

On the day the people worship Siwaratri Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa in prabhawanya as Shiva Mahadeva. The people should carry Brata, enhance spiritual purity and carnality exercise restraint. Aim to have the endurance in the face of various challenges of life in this world. Freed from the various temptations that can be misleading and misleading life, because the act deviating from the teachings of dharma or religion.

Dark can be scary and nerve contraction for some people. Because according to them fester in the dark demons and various other predatory beings. Part of another person but the dark is the media in getting his inner peace. In the darkness of night there was silence the silence and peace, so they go after dark, including evening students darkest night Tilem Kepitu day before January 24, 2001.

Lubdhaka is poor hunter who blessed their way of life, though not realized due to chance. Say happy, because even in the everyday always sadistic act, the murder of animals (animals), but can go to heaven after death.

From a layman's eyes only, of the act killing, of killing another creature outside yadnya purposes, is sinful. The mystery of death and spirits travel much Lubdhaka not know. These hunters die in Hindu mythology a few days after Siwaratri due to any disease. Wife and children feel lost.

What do Lubdhaka so get tickets go to heaven after death? One day he was a day of hunting, but did not get a game. At that time, let alone he managed to shoot an animal to take home, saw the shadow of the beast is not. Very definitely not your day's journey Lubdhaka as a professional hunter.

In a vacuum, mixed with annoyance physical fatigue due to hunger and should not contradictory Lubdhaka decided to go home to his wife and beloved children. With a sense of resignation and desperation he decided to spend the night in the woods, fields hunt alone.

It was as a hunter Lubdhaka no other motive, to survive in the woods. Except one hopes, that night he would find the animal and managed to take home memanahnya. He chose to live in a tree near the pond where the water is very clear.

Lubdhaka may expect, but in fact until the middle of the night remained silent nil result. Even in the dark night she was frightened. Lubdhaka then choose to climb a pretty shady tree, the anticipation of the ambush in order to avoid wild animals. To hold sleepiness hand picking each one tidah branch. It turned out that night when staying in the forest Lubdhaka the Night of Shiva (Shiva Latri), ie, Shiva Hyang Payogan night.

Where under a tree where there was a lake to climb the embodiment of Shiva and yoga. Tree of riding is a tree if, and in the excerpts he tpat about the statue of Shiva. because of fear of falling male automatic stay awake (jagra) until the morning. Lubdhaka activity that night Hyang reward of Shiva, until he was entitled to enter heaven.

Activities is as valuable as the work of Shiva. Yoga, keep thirsty, hungry, not sleeping and holding other passions. In the spirit Khayangan had become bone of contention, between the ruler of hell and heaven. Lubdhaka journey as a hunter to enter heaven quite controversial.

In fact, among the Hindus themselves this is still an issue that deserves to be discussed, this means, a Lubdhaka it appropriate that the murder of these fugitives sarwa be forgiven just because he does stay up all night suntuk.rajas activity and tamas. While rupadita means is not bound anymore to the things that nuanced world. That is why, the teacher is highly respected and obeyed. Teachers are only concerned to sisya (students) achieve his intelligence and maturity. That science is used provision to achieve progress in life - ie get a good meal (wareg), obtain clothing (Wastra), have a healthy home or board (homestead), remains in good health (sane), entertain themselves or refresing ( tourism) and keep the good (wasita). (lun).

Pura(Temple) Besakih Coat of Heaven and Earth

Yajurveda Mantra IN XXXX. I stated the truth sthana God is the universe. Explanations about the universe as God sthana restated in the book Isopanisad I.1. Therefore all Hindu shrines called or Mandira temple is the symbol of the universe. Likewise symbol Besakih universe.

In the universe Besakih visualized in various dimensions. For example in the Great Mandala Panataran Both upper reaches Salu length or often also called Bale Agung is palinggih Bhuwana Ider. Salu length was 24 at the right colonnaded hall which is often referred Pawedaan Elephant Hall. The building, called Ider Bhuwana palinggih it symbolizes that this nature is one and the round is. Because it is your natural means Bhuwana a round shaped like an egg. Your word in Sanskrit means the eggs and natural means such Bhuwana planets contents of this space.

In addition to nature described by one and round palinggih Bhuwana Ider, nature is also described as natural and nature of bottom. Nature under the Pura Besakih visualized as "Soring Ambal-Ambal". Whereas nature of visualized "Ambal Luhuring-Ambal". Komplek Pura Besakih temple was classified in Soring Ambal-Ambal and
There Pura classified in Luhuring Ambal-Ambal.

Temple belonging to the Ambal Soring Ambal include Pesimpangan Pura, Pura Manik Mas, Pura Bangun Sakti, Selonding Mrajan Pura, Pura Gua King, Pura Hair Sedana, Basukian Pura, Pura Dalem Puri, Jenggala Pura, Pura and Pura Mrajan Banua Kanginan. Temple belonging to the Luhuring Ambal Ambal is Penataran Agung Besakih, Pura Batu Madeg, Dark Pura, Pura Kiduling Kreteg, Ulun Kulkul, Temple Review, Pura Tirtha, Pengubengan Pura and Pura Pasar Agung Village Sebudi. Complex: Pura Besakih complex is often called the 18 temples. This is due to King and Pura Pura Goa Sedana hair is considered a complex.

Pura Soring-Ambal Ambal natural existence under the symbol called the Sapta Patala which means the seven natural layer below. While Pura-Luhuring Ambal-Ambal natural existence of symbols and worship God Almighty. Nature of it is called Sapta Loka is visualized in seven layers or Penataran Mandala Agung Besakih. Palinggih Center at Temple-Ambal Ambal Soring is at Temple at Selonding Mrajan Gedong Pelinggih. In Gedong in Mrajan Pelinggih that stored all Selonding Pratima or worship statues belonging to the temple Pura Soring Ambal-Ambal. Palinggih Selonding Mrajan Gedong at this as a central symbol of nature below. While all Pratima, inscriptions, and other facilities and all belonging to the temple-Ambal Ambal Luhuring stored in palinggih Kehen in plot or Third Mandala Penataran Agung Besakih. This Kehen Palinggih Meru with its roof shaped overlap in three. Palinggih Kehen nature center is a symbol of or Luhuring Ambal-Ambal.

Why there are two groups of temples at Besakih complex? This indicates that Hinduism is not only teaching to instill trust and self-restraint on the existence and omnipotence of God. But more than that confidence and devotion of Hindus to the Lord should be utilized to understand the existence of nature and all His creation to promote life and this life. God's revered as the soul and the natural resources and natural under the. The cult was to avoid the conviction that God was trying Stana at the temple and some even suspect there is only God in heaven. This may cause many people who casually on earth did this because God is only in the sky; only occasionally comes to earth.

We adore God is symbolized in the temple berstana to facilitate training to concentrate. But in the philosophy that God is everywhere. With the belief that God is in the nature and the nature of mankind that can also understand that the natural elements that can function because there is God in nature. Magma which is the source of fire in the belly of the earth as a natural element that caused the fertility of the earth. Likewise, God is also in the ground so that the soil becomes a source of food that is not endless course if the natural rights of the land is not disturbed man. Therefore worship God as the god of the land to inculcate an understanding of the need to ground is maintained so as not to be disturbed function in creating food. Therefore God worshiped as the god of land called Ananta Bhoga god. Word ananta Bhog means food endless. Soil fertility is not disturbed by man would bring food that is not inexhaustible.

There is also a temple to worship God as the god of water is to inculcate understanding of the people so as not to damage the existence of water as a source of life of humans. Thank goodness God created the water. There is no life without water. God as a water god worshiped as Sang Hyang Basuki. Basuki means rahayu or survivors. Without water there is no salvation.

Similarly, the temple in Luhuring there Ambal Ambal-called Alu Repeat Pagoda and Temple of Queen Subandar. This is to direct the conduct of their business operations in the country and abroad in order to trade in accordance with the norms of the right to trade, good and virtuous; not cheat the customer, not good quality fake goods and scales.

There are also palinggih Widyadhara and Widyadharii which means God as the god of science. Thus so that a group Soring Ambal Temple-Ambal and Luhuring Ambal-Ambal as a symbol to instill the understanding that God exists everywhere, including in the heavens and the earth. Thus the worship of God to be utilized to build the noble moral to maintain the sanctity of the earth and sky that are not polluted by human behavior. I Ketut Wiana.

Nungnung Waterfall, Badung, Bali

Nungnung is the name of a small village, 40 kilometers north of Denpasar with a 900 mter altitude above sea level. Tourism object is located in the district of Badung regency evening. It lies approximately 5 km before the bridge Bridge Bangkung Tukad claimed as the highest bridge in Asia, with specification of the pillar height reached 71.14 meters.

In this village there is a waterfall with a height of 50 meters with a flow of water large enough. To reach the waterfall location we need to explore the hilly rice fields about 2 Kilometers from the highway. Nung waterfalls mountain is one of the obligatory attractions to visit your reply to Bali especially for people who love trekking tour, because to get to the location of this waterfall down the stairs we have the numbers quite a lot, so we can get down to the valley river and can see the waterfall from close range. Steps leading to this waterfall is available with adequate, although on the right side left a lot of overgrown shrubs. Own waterfall is located in the valley closer to the cave, with green leaves and the atmosphere lelumutan. After the satisfaction of seeing the waterfall, then tourists can enjoy lunch or simply unwind on the couch, a small bale provided along the path.

This waterfall start in promoting the tourist attractions since 1996. Since this year, the condition of facilities and infrastructure already nungnung waterfalls undergo much change, such as the existence of additional facilities to support other objects of this tour. Because rural location, adding keeksotikan and beauty that makes this waterfall interesting to visit. Once you visit here, will be a memorable memories in your life that make you will always want to come here to enjoy it ...

Pagerwesi Ceremony

When people celebrate Saraswati Day, the day Kliwon Wednesday (7 / 1) Wuku Sinta Hindu celebration continued with Pagerwesi. What exactly the nature of Pagerwesi?

TEACHER Hindu University of Indonesia (UNHI) Prof. Dr. TB Gunadha, M.Sc. said in this community celebration worship Pagerwesi Ida Sang Hyang Widhi (God) in its manifestation as Shiva or Master Hyang Paramestiguru - resources and all the teachers. Through coaching we can gurulah good learning curve.

Once people get kaweruhan (science), knowledge that is used as a strong fortress, ringed to the challenges of life or provision to achieve the welfare of life and inner peace.

In celebration of this Pagerwesi real people are taught about the discernment facing various challenges. Thus we are fully conscious. "When we face many challenges, we are taught true withdraw into berenung. With demilcian we can clearly see the problem so as to find solutions to solve or to obtain a clear path to stay on the path of truth (satya), "he said.

Similar dikatakari professor State Institute of Hindu Dharma (IHDN) Prof. Denpasar. Drs. Ketut Subagiasta, M.Sc., D. Phil. When Ida Sang Hyang Widi (Sang Hyang Aji Saraswati) decrease during Saraswati science, then the people need a teacher learn. In this case the teacher's role is very noble. When was the people Pagerwesi worships God in its manifestation as the master - Hyang Paramestiguru. "Once people get science, theory of knowledge is necessary practiced or implemented. In implementing the necessary guidance counselor. Of knowledge (jnana) is obtained by further interpreted or practiced (wijnana) to live a life full of obstacles, "he said as he confirmed that Pagerwesi implies that knowledge has ruled that the fence should be strong in life - fortify yourself with knowledge .

Lecturer UNHI Drs. TB Suatama, M.Sc. said the same thing. In the context of learning science, teacher attendance is very important study. Thanks to the guidance gurulah people can master the knowledge properly and correctly.

Teachers, continued TB Suatama, contains two things that gunatika and rupadita. Gunatika means a teacher must be able to pass TRIGUNA - Satyam, rajas and tamas. While rupadita means is not bound anymore to the things that nuanced world. That is why, the teacher is highly respected and obeyed. Teachers are only concerned to sisya (students) achieve his intelligence and maturity. That science is used provision to achieve progress in life - ie get a good meal (wareg), obtain clothing (Wastra), have a healthy home or board (homestead), remains in good health (sane), entertain themselves or refresing ( tourism) and keep the good (wasita). (lun).

The Art of Dance Drama and Wayang Wong

Wayang Wong is essentially a mask and performing arts perwayangan with human actors or person (wong). In bringing the characters being played, all the dancers in dialogue, all the main characters wear Kawi, while the clown-servants wearing Balinese language. In some parts of the show, the dancers also sing and displays the temple - the temple is important from Kakawin.

In Bali there are two types of Wayang Wong, Wayang Wong Ramayana namely, and Wayang Wong Parwa. Wayang Wong Ramayana Wayang Wong later called it, is the only dramatari perwayangan take wira carita plays from the Ramayana. Almost all the dancers wear masks. Accompanied by a gamelan Batel Wayang who barreled Slendro.



There in the villages:

* Mas, Telepud, Den Tiyis (Gianyar),
* Marga, Apuan, Point, Klating (Tabanan),
* Sulahan (Bangli),
* Central Wates (Karangasem),
* Bualu (Badung),
* Prancak, Batuagung (Jembrana)

Wayang Wong Parwa commonly called Parwa namely the dramatari wayang wong plays wira carita take Mahabrata (Asta Dasa Parwa). The dancers are not wearing a mask, except for the clown-servants, such as Malen, Merdah, Sanggut, Delem. Gamelan Batel Wayang accompanied by a barreled Slendro. Parwa are in the villages:

* Sukawati, Teges, Pujung (Gianyar)
* Blahkiuh (Badung).

Balinese Folktale : Banaspati Raja

Siwa and his wife Dewi Sri were walking once in the mountain walaraoe. And moved by the lonely beauty of place Siwa wanted to enjoy his wife. But she would not, because it seemed to her too solemn and godlike a place for such a thing. And while he strove with her two drops of sperma fell into a hollow of the mountain. Siwa was vexed with is wife because she had caused them to be wasted, and he said mantras over them, and they became twins, a boy and girl. Then he went away with Dewi Sri and left the children alone. And in heaven he heard them crying for food; and he went down to them and told them who their father was, and gave them names: kalawenara and kalekek, and told them to find their food in the graveyard. Kalekek was to eat, but after midday only, the offerings for the dead; Kalawenara was to live beside the magic spring, on the titigonggan and serve the god of the spring, whose name was Sanghyang Putrajaya. And his food was to be the coins which accompany the offerings, and one of the cremation offerings.

Meanwhile, Dewi Sri, who was rather out of favor, began to wander whether she too might be able to make a child without the help of her husband. So he began to haunt the temple of death. And at the full moon of Kajeng Kliwon (a magically powerful day) she went to bathe with her servant in the water spout in the middle of the graveyard. And by chance she laid her clothes on the grave of a woman who had died pregnant. When the night came she went again to the spot as Durga and said spells over the corpse, and a girl- child was born. And the after-birth she made into a boy. And she called the girl Bhuta Seliwer and the boy Cuildaki, and appointed both to be the guardians of the graveyard. But Buta Seliwer complained that her magic was not strong enough, so her name was changed to Seliwarmaya, and she was given the kepuh tree to live in. and Cuildaki was told to mingle with souls of uncremated people and cause trouble in the houses of their relations. And for their food she gave them, as Siwa had done to their children, the offering to the dead.

Now when the next death-offerings were brought, Kelekek went to the graveyard to eat them. But because she was invisible they could not see who was stealing the offerings. And Cuildaki who was also waiting for his food, saw the people running away and saw Kelekek devouring the offerings. And he fetched his sister Seliwarmaya, and they fought with Kelekek over the offerings. And because they were two against one, kelekek was defeated and burned to ashes. And they mocked the magic she was boasted. Meanwhile Kalawenara sat waiting for his sister in titi-gonggan, and when she did not come he asked leave of Sanghyang Putrajayato go and look for her; for he said: "I suppose that she has eaten so many offerings that she cannot walk". And he called to her in the graveyard but there was no answer; only a heap of ashes. And when Putrajaya heard him calling in vain he came also to the graveyard and knew them to e the ashes of Kalekek. And at the prayer of Kalawenara he said spells over them and brought them to life again. Then Kalekek related how a terrible giant and his sister had fought against her over the offerings and killed her. And Kalawenara roared in anger and challenged them to fight with him. The Seliwarmaya came down from her kepoh tree, snorting with rage, to answer the challenge. But this time she felt she was weaker, and called Cuildaki to come and help her, and he rolled in a decaying corpse and threw himself upon Kalawenara. Kalawenara could not endure the stench of the corpse and ran away to fetch Kalekek, who came as Barong and licked the stink off with her tongue. And when Durga children felt they were losing, they cried for help to their mother, she came and began to spit fire. Kalawenara and Kalekek ran and ran, one behind another, till they came to Siwa’s world. And Siwa very much astonished to see the crowd arriving with Durga at their heels, and she asked her why she was pursuing his children. She replied: "Because your beastly children have been fighting with mine". He was astonished and said: "Where did you get children from?" and when he heard the story he was furious with his wife and ordered her never to show her face in heaven again. He condemned her to remain forever in the graveyard, and place Kalekek there to keep an eye on her. And Civa gave Kalekek the name Banaspati Raja.

Gamelan in Balinese Life

Gamelan in Balinese life has many essential functions; the gamelan’s primary function is to assist in the myriad of ceremonies required during each 210-day cycle of the Balinese Pawukon cycle, as well as those involved with the lunar calendar. These activities range from private family observances such as weddings Weddings-Private-Estates or the dedication to new buildings to massive, village-wide temple ceremonies. The musicians must be able to play at any hour or night or both, as demanded by the ceremony in progress. They may accompany a priest in his devotion, or they may accompany entertainments, such as temple dances. Tourism creates the secondary function of any gamelan that is entertaining Bali’s visitors. There is no such thing as professional musician in Bali. The gamelan players are rice farmers or village artisans or work at some sort of job – they are musician during their time off. A marching band that must accompany any religious procession is performed from a small group within the main gamelan, consisting of the percussion and gong players. Nearly every ceremony calls for a procession somewhere, often more than one. The cremation procession, the hallmark of Balinese ceremony, one of most often seen by the visitor to Bali, is accompanied by the Balaganjur marching gamelan as it follows the bearers of the bade ( decorated sarcophagus tower) to the cremation ground or accompanies the ashes of the deceased to the sea, to be thrown therein so that the soul can be released. The music is nothing like a dirge.The sound of gamelan accompanies the daily life of Balinese from dawn until late at night. Early in the morning, the sound of gender gamelan that accompanies the morning prayer (Tri Sandya) will fill the air through the big loudspeakers installed in every Bale Banjar (public hall). In the afternoon, the sound of gamelan from various ceremonies held by the Balinese is the dominant sound of the day. Early in the evening until late at night, the hypnotic sound from gamelan’s rehearsal will accompany the Balinese enjoying their lovely evening and be a good “going to bed” music.The gamelan is generally owned by a village neighborhood organization called banjar. Though many temples or brahmana family also own a small set of gamelan, played for ceremonial purpose only. Usually a club that desires to play forms within a banjar, a group of instrument is obtained, if there is none, and a teacher or a good leader is chosen to see all the required music is perfected and memorized. This is accomplished through endless rehearsal, often several times a week. Music is not written down in Bali. Nothing in a gamelan play is spontaneous or improvised. Everything is always performed in the same way one a piece is committed to memory. There is no variation. New pieces, yes- many. But once a new piece is learned it is always played the same way.A banjar gamelan club may break up, however, leaving a gamelan, unused, to fall into terrible disrepair. The trend, to one might imagine, would be for the form to disappear. But gamelans are extremely competitive, and most groups actively seek to improve their skills and maintain their equipment. This competitiveness is actively fostered by the Indonesian government, which sponsors yearly festivals or competitions in which groups or individuals compete to be best or among the top three winners. The rapid growth of female gamelan club also bring a new breath in gamelan club activities and competition in Bali. In every gamelan competition, the female gamelan category is always full with competitors.

Three omnipotence of God in the Pura(Temple) Luhur ULUWATU

Utpatti Bhagawan Brahma, Stithi Wisnuh tathewaca.
Pralina Bhagawan Rudrah, trayastre lokya sranah.
(Buana Kosa.25).

Meaning:
God (Brahma) as the creator or Utpati, as the god Vishnu became keepers or Stithi and as a god Rudra in Pemralina. God in the form of three gods of the earth's protector.
Three omnipotence of God in the Pura Luhur

Utpatti Bhagawan Brahma, Stithi Wisnuh tathewaca.
Pralina Bhagawan Rudrah, trayastre lokya sranah.
(Buana Kosa.25).

Meaning:
God (Brahma) as the creator or Utpati, as the god Vishnu became keepers or Stithi and as a god Rudra in Pemralina. God in the form of three gods of the earth's protector.

PURA Luhur are located in the village of Pecatu Kuta Badung District District. Pura Luhur in pangeder-Ider Hindu Shiva Sidhanta in Bali are in the southwest as a temple to worship God as Batara Rudra. Pura Luhur position is face to face with Andakasa Pura, Pura Batur and Besakih. Since the Temple was focused Luhur wisesa power or spiritual power and the three Gods Brahma emanates from Temple Andakasa, god of Pura Batur Vishnu and Lord Shiva from the Pura Besakih. Three power wisesa called Kona Tri's needed in this life. The dynamics of life will be successful if a balance Utpati, Stithi and Pralina correctly, accurate and balanced.

According Lontar Kusuma Dewa, this temple was founded on the suggestion of Mpu Kuturan around the eleventh century. Temple was one of six Pura Sad Jade mentioned in Lontar Dewa Kusuma. Pura Pura called heaven Sad that there are six Pura Besakih, Pura Luhur Lempuhyang, Pura Goa Lawah, Pura Luhur, Pura Pura Luhur Pusering Batukaru and Jagat.

Since many palm Sad mentioning heaven, then the year 1979-1980 the Institute of Hindu Dharma (now Unhi) the assignment Parisada Hindu Dharma Indonesia Pusat conducted a study in depth. Finally concluded that Sad Jade Pagoda by Dewa Kusuma Lontar is defined as the Pura Sad heaven, because when Bali has not broken into nine kingdoms. Ejection was made in the year 1005 AD or 927 Saka. This is based on the entrance to the Pura Luhur using a winged Paduraksa temple.

The same temple in the temple in the temple on the island of attack Sakenan Badung regency. Sakenan Temple in the Temple there in the form of Candra Sangkala Lawang Apit Receipt of two priests was on the contiguous entrance. This shows the number of 927 Saka, was the year mentioned in the Lontar Kusuma Dewa very appropriate. In Padma Bhuwana Lontar also mentioned about the establishment of Pura Luhur as Padma Pura Mpu Bhuwana Kuturan in the eleventh century. Temple winged like the Pura Luhur are also in Lamongan, East Java.

Pura Luhur serve as a place of worship of Siva Rudra and located in the southwestern island of Bali. Pura Luhur Sad was established based on the conception and Padma Bhuwana Vināyaka. As a temple founded by the conception Sad Vināyaka Pura Luhur as one of the Pura Sad Sad heaven to preserve Kertih (Atman Kerti, Ocean Kerti, Danu Kerti, Wana Kerti, Jagat, and Jana Kerti Kerti).

While the temple is established based on the conception Padma Pura Luhur Bhuwana established as an aspect of God which controls the southwest. Rudra Siva cult is the worship of God in giving energy to the creation. Ida Pedanda while still Punyatmaja Sonneratia walaka been several times chairman of the Hindu Dharma Center Parisada stated that in the Pura Luhur spiritual energy emanating three gods. The third holy god powers Tri Murti (Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva) together at Pura Luhur.

Therefore, people who need spiritual encouragement to create, maintain and remove something that should be held, maintained and removed frequently very devout worship of Siva Rudra at Pura Luhur. One feature of an ideal life according to the Hindu view is to create everything should be created. Maintaining something to be preserved and properly remove something removed.

Creating, maintaining and removing something that should not be easy. Various obstacles will always be blocked. In the face of many difficulties that people in dire need of moral strength and mental endurance tough. To get a sublime moral and mental endurance, one way to worship God the way with three manifestations. To foster a creative inventiveness pujalah God in manifestation as Brahma. To have the determination to maintain something that should be maintained in its manifestations pujalah God as Lord Vishnu. To get rid of the power of something to be eliminated in pujalah God as a manifestation of Siva.

The third manifestation of the spiritual energy of God is embodied in Rudra Siva is worshiped in the Pura Luhur. Pura Luhur heaven is classified Jagat Pura. Because the Jade Pagoda and Temple Sad Bhuwana Padma is classified Jagat Pura heaven. In this Luhur Pura Batara Rudra Meru worshiped in Mixed Three. On the right side of the compound into a Luhur Pura Pura Dalem soldier as Pura Luhur development at the time of arrival at the Danghyang Dwijendra 16th century AD.

Pura Dalem in this soldier, there are three statues of Brahma statue, statue of Queen Bagus Dalem soldier and the Statue of Vishnu. Ratu Bagus Dalem soldier was actually Lord Shiva in the form of Rudra Murti Puja. Tri Murti cult energy by means of this statue is a legacy system by means of God cult statue pelinggih system developed. Because when he came to the soldier's Pura Dalem in Temple worship system Luhur still very simple because the needs of the people is also very simple, then.

Pura Luhur also has some Pura Prasanak or Jajar Kemini. Pura Prasanak include the Village Temple Parerepan Pecatu, toadstool Pura Dalem, Pura Karang Boma, Selonding Pura Dalem, Pura Pangeleburan, Pura and Pura Batu Metandal Central Goa. All Prasanak Temple is located in the Temple area in the village Luhur Pecatu. Generally Jade Jagat Pura Pura Prasanak have.

Pura Prasanak is an inseparable unity with the Pura Luhur. Prasanak Temple is located within a radius of about five kilometers Pura Luhur. Thus in the three-mile radius should not have buildings or facilities that have nothing to do with the existence of Pura Luhur Prasanak along with its Temple. Just a few things can be held within the sanctity of the temple throughout the existence of these buildings in order to strengthen the existence of noble values contained in the philosophy of Pura Luhur. Thus glimpse of Pura Luhur. * I Ketut Gobyah

BARONG BANGKUNG, Holyday in Kuningan

Nuance or public image in the Kuningan Day celebrated like that ever happened in the past (Buhun), until now still look left at a number of villages in Bali, especially the western part of Karangasem regency.
Karangasem, 28 / 3 (AFP) - Nuance or public image in the Kuningan Day celebrated like that ever happened in the past (Buhun), until now still look left at a number of villages in Bali, especially the western part of Karangasem regency.

In some villages that stretch of hills near the border with the Bangli District, people still retain the habit of celebrating Buhun Kuningan Day, Saturday.

AFP reporter who did the search to the topography of the village area average about 25 degrees berkemiringan it, had witnessed was a barong dance bangkung "ngelawang", which came into the houses.

With a dynamic dance, barong Ambengan bangkung of Banjar, Nongan Village, Towns Rendang, looking pitch-swing in the public streets, and occasionally chase and charged spectators who crowded the show areka.

Bangkung barong dance, almost similar to typical performances barongsai China. The difference, barongsai performed with a lion's head mask, while the barong bangkung, mask or the head of the "puppet" of the beast, described the pig's head (bangkung).

A barong bangkung art performances, involving at least 25 other members of the group (skaa), consisting of two dancers barong, 12 gamelan players, and the remaining two pengaping include ornamental umbrella, flag (banner), spears and other accessories.

In the "colonies" that's big enough, bangkung barong skaa show attraction "door to door", with the hope of a hiring or nanggap.

In Bangli

Not only in the Karangasem region, people in several villages in the eastern part of Bangli Regency was, in celebration of Kuningan Day that afternoon, was carrying bangkung barong.

Barong Skaa who looked toned up by a group of women dancers, under the hot sun "ngelawang" from village to village, from village Nyalian, Bungbungan, Tembuku, Bangbang, Cepunggung, Undisan, up to Tampwagan.

The village is mostly located in the hill ridge area, people still look pretty "intimate" show skaa treat bangkung barong.

As a result, skaa from Undisan Village, often had to be and spin long enough from the house to house in a village in a long time.

Wayan Karta, barong skaa leaders said, because quite crowded people perceive, it is no surprise to rotate in one village alone takes about four hours.

In fact, he said, one-time gig with Rp5.000 response costs, bangkung goods only dance for about five minutes.

This show unique is that its presence often creates fear, not only among children, but also most of the mothers.

The problem is, the dancer often bring barongnya the crowd with a gesture as if to attack, with a mouth mask that mangap-mangap. Therefore, not a few spectators screamed, even running away.

Meriah. Such an impression that can be caught from bangkung barong performances, while the local villagers believe that the performance art "Buhun" can also be cast out evil spirits or demons that interfere with life.

Regardless, the presence of a color bangkung barong Kuningan Day, recently appeared only in a row left the village in Karangasem and Bangli eastern part of the course, while in other peer-village island resort, nearly a memory.

Taman Ayun Temple, Badung, Bali

Taman Ayun Temple is located in District Mengwi, Badung District, Bali Province. Taman Ayun in Balinese language means "beautiful garden". This temple was founded in 1634 AD by order of the first king of the Kingdom of Mengwi, I Gusti Agung Ngurah Made Agung Sakti title Belambangan Ida Cokorda.

Pura Taman Ayun Indonesian government has been proposed as one of the world cultural heritage sites (world heritage). On March 12, 2008, UNESCO Director General Matsuura Kokhiro visiting Taman Ayun Temple kelayakanya testing. The result, dianilai temple has historical value, cultural, religious, and have a taste of high art. Although already part of the world's cultural heritage, but the temple is still used for prayers until now

Taman Ayun Temple stands on an area of 4 hectares and is surrounded by a pond or ditch. From a distance it looks like a moat of water bands, and gives the impression that temple is above the water surface. Taman Ayun Temple complex consists of three parts. The first room is open space used for various religious activities and stage arts. In the first part of this visitors can enjoy the beauty of Meru, the pagoda with terraced roof of a building typical of temples in Bali. The second part is the main part, called Bale Pelik. Pelik Bale Building is decorated with sculpture, reliefs, and statues Dewata Nawa Sanga. While other part is the sacred building.

Visitors also can see the kingdom of Mengwi heritage located about 300 yards from this temple. Across the Taman Ayun Temple is also a museum displaying Manusa Yadnya ceremonies related to the human life cycle starting from when he was in the womb until death.

Pura(TEMPLE) Uluwatu.Jimbaran-Badung.Bali

A little story is well know about Temple. The word comes from the Temple Ulu Watu = = Edge and the Rock. kalo's Temple position is viewed under the western tip of the island of Bali wrote a rock tebing2 with carpet Ocean Indonesia yg dark blue water .... Just imagine, 60meter-high cliff and sea waves guedee reply really, wow ... really exotic. Temple is in the village of Pecatu, South Kuta district, Badung regency. If the Kuta approximately 30 minutes drive. Direction to one lane with Uluwatu and Dreamland Beach GWK. So if you've been to GWK, kira2 continued upwards of 15 minutes ... until the Temple. The road was smooth and large, though somewhat spotty. Understandably, this is a limestone hill area. Before nyampe Uluwatu, you would clay Tirtha Bali.

Temple area is the sacred area because here there is a needle in a major temple of Pura Luhur. Uluwatu Temple in 6 pieces including the main temple in Bali (Sad heaven), wrote the maintenance assisted by UNESCO. Here is Stana (house) of the god Rudra, the god of healing all kinds of diseases. Reply from some literature I read, this Uluwatu been around since earlier times. In the 10th century, the professor went to the location Kuturan this temple and built a temple again in the form of Meru 3-story here. 1546, Dang Hyang Nirartha as a disseminator of Shiva Hinduism in Bali, when reached Tanah Lot, he saw a hill in the distance is very impressive at all. He was sure, that's a place for him to moksa, which releases the spirit from the body. So he hurried up the hill was named Temple wrote. Here he also added that the temple building padmasana, wrote a Stana from God. From the Temple, he continued his journey around the coast of the island of Bali to Lombok and return to the Temple. Well, in this temple Nirartha Dang Hyang, wrote a very holy priest and the sacred spirit release process-called the Moksha. He did meditation, with the strength and purity, his body to ashes and blown by the wind into the sea. Only saints like he just wrote capable of doing this.

Odalan (temple anniversary) at Uluwatu Temple is now Anggarkasih Medangsia, every six months. When temple ceremony took place, thousands of Hindus from various parts of Indonesia to pray here. For that, Uluwatu area was closed for 3 days tour activities to give people the opportunity to do sradha devotion to God. Around late May, my guest Mbak Novi and I invite temen2 plans from Dreamland to Uluwatu. Nyampe Uppss .. ga there we go in, I forgot that today was the temple ceremony in Pura Uluwatu.

Uluwatu in this area there is also a flock of monkeys of about 300 yg of the tail. The Board was quite nyemot seh gede2. Monkey here pretty bad, indifferent ngambilin fun glasses, hats, hair tie, and anting2 the tourists. That's all he's hooked yg, yg such as cameras, camcorders, bags ... dicuekin. Turns out he did this just capers aja alias ditukerin looking for attention with the food. The way he nyopet, wuisss ... fast. Last date of my guests 7 Augt taken Yenny ya hair tie. Ama eaten him ampe robek2, dikirain meal times. So hati2 deh with your goods, especially reading glasses aka minus. Diembat the right nyomet nuisance, can kagak Uluwatu exotic clay. But still, the most powerful trick to distance the danger of the monkey is to bring the bar / club-by-lot is here. Take aja and take, the confused going nyemot deh, ga dare deket.

Oh well, entrance to the Temple IDR 3.000.-/person. Because of the sacred area, visitors must wear a cloth and wrap-me-provided there. Yg shorts will put on a purple cloth and a yellow scarf tied pake. While yg trousers (at least past the knee), a shawl pake aja. Tickets at the site, we usually know ama yg given duty to remove hats, sunglasses or hair tie ... let me ama ga monkey stolen. There is also a board gede yg ttg contain this warning.

Uluwatu the most beautiful if enjoyable afternoon, especially when SUNSET time ... In Bali, one of the best place to see the sunset is Uluwatu. Especially if you enjoy it while watching the Kecak dance performances around the temple ...!! Intrigued with dance kecak how ...?.

Temple Penataran Agung Ped, Sampalan, Nusa Penida, BALI

In a village, exactly in the Village Ped, Sampalan, Nusa Penida, there is a very famous temple in all corners of Bali. Great Ped Penataran shrine name.

Was about 50 meters south of the sea shore Nusa Strait. Because of the vast influence that is all over Bali, Agung Ped Penataran agreed as Jagat Pura heaven. This temple is always packed to plead pemedek safety, welfare, kerahayuan, and tranquility. Until today, this temple is famous as one of spiritual tourism objects of the most popular.

At first, information about the existence of the Great Temple Ped very Pentaran maze. The sources of information about the history of the temple is very minimal, resulting in a long debate. Group (Klungkung Castle, Castle Gelgel and Mangku Rumodja - Mangku Lingsir) mentions the temple is named Pura Pentaran Ped. Others, especially the healers in Bali, called Pura Dalem Ped.

A spiritual and penekun original authors Satra village, Klungkung, Dewa Ketut Soma in his writings about the "Pura Ped Glance" assume that the second term of the two different versions is true. According to him, which meant the Pura Dalem Ped Upgrading. Only, one side features penatarannya. One more feature that other dalemnya. In addition, a few clues to suggest that the temple was originally called Pura Dalem. In the book "History and History of Nusa Pura Dalem Ped" written

Drs. Prata said Wayan son Pura Dalem Ped originally called Pura Dalem Nusa. Replacement of the name of Castle Klungkung done in the time I Dewa Agung. Renaming it after Ida Pedanda Abiansemal pepatih and followers together in tandem (mapeed) came with the intention of Nusa directly witnessed the truth of the information on the existence of three powerful Tapel Pura Dalem in Nusa. So magic, Tapel-Tapel was even able to cure various diseases, which affects both humans and plants. Previously, Ida

Pedanda Abiansemal also had lost three Tapel. Apparently, once seen three Tapel in Pura Dalem Nusa it is three Tapel who had disappeared from his residence. However, Ida Pedanda not take back-Tapel Tapel with record keeping residents Nusa well and consistently perform the ceremonies as three Tapel mestinya.Kesaktian not only into the ear Ida Pedanda, but to all corners of Bali. Including, Subak Sampalan citizens who had been to attack crop pests such as rats, walang sangit and others. When he heard the testimony of three Tapel, a subak klian sent to watch Tapel
is the Pura Dalem Nusa. When I got there, begging subak klian Subak Sampalan grace to avoid the various diseases that attack their crops. The application was granted. Not long ago, the plant diseases that go away from Sampalan Subak. Until finally people can enjoy subak crops such as rice and other crops.

Accordance vows, residents held a ceremony later mapeed. The move was followed by another subak subak-around Sampalan. News of the ceremony came to mapeed throughout Nusa. Since then I Dewa Agung of Klungkung Pura Dalem renamed Nusa by Pura Dalem Peed (Ped).

However, it seemed irrefutable. Because of a village community leaders Ped, Wayan Sukasta, clearly states that the actual name of the temple is the Great Penataran Ped. Evidenced by the trust citizens around this time. Although there is mention that the temple called Pura Dalem, which is not the Pura Dalem, which is part of the Tri heaven (Puseh, and Bale Agung Dalem). Dalem but for the title King of the ruling in Richards Bay at that time. "Dalem or King is a powerful ruler Queen or Queen Gede Gede Nusa Mecaling," he said.

There are five locations in the temple area united Penataran Great Ped. Pura Segara, as a place Batara berstananya Varuna, located in the northernmost part close to the sea shore Nusa Strait. A few yards south leads to a park with swimming Pura pelinggih around in it.

This temple serves as a place of purification.

Leads to the west again, there is the main temple of Queen Cede upgrading as a symbol of supernatural power Mecaling Nusa rulers of his time. In the east there is another Queen pelebaan Mas. Last in a compound into the middle there is the Grand Bale linggih Batara-god at ngusaba time.

Each temple has pelinggih, perantenan bale and other buildings, according to the function of each temple. In addition, the position there is a wantilan links that have been shaped hall building banjar Badung regional models are commonly used for performing arts.

All the buildings in the Great Penataran Ped already experienced repair or renovation. Unless things sacred. For example, two statues of Queen Cede Mecaling statue in Queen's Temple and statue of Queen Gede Mas in Queen Pelebaan Mas. The two statues that no one dared touch it.

Similarly sacred buildings other. If there is an effort to improve, it is done by making a similar building next to the sacred building.

The existence of improvements constantly, making almost all the existing buildings in the Great Ped Penataran formed with permanent stucco plaster, cement and lime. Asagan including commonly made from bamboo which is an emergency, but was made permanent with a cement stucco. At the very least, it has created the impression that temple stiff for diempon these 18 villages pakraman. Pengemponnya began Kutampi west village. The existence of a number of buildings, sacred temples, temples impact on the environment. Sacred atmosphere is believed to have created since the beginning of the existence of such temples.

Excerpted from various sources.

Mountain and Lake Batur.Kintamani, Bali

In the mountains around Kintamani, there is Mount Batur with a deep crater lake and hot springs are turbulent. The cool mountain air with views in all directions, as beautiful with the existence of several important temples, which have made Kintamani become one of the places that do not forgotten the Bali tourist agenda.

Mount Batur is actually only one of a small volcano, but its location was in the midst of a large crater diameter of 14 Km. In addition, Mount Batur Lake Batur adjacent to the crescent-shaped high wall surrounded the outskirts of the crater. The size of the crater steepness will make you imagine the massive eruption of Mount Batur which happened ten thousand years ago.
The mountain is still active today as Balinese people who still remember the eruption that occurred in the 1917 eruption which has taken thousands of lives and destroyed hundreds of temples. Another eruption often occurs after the incident, forcing local people to be evacuated, along with several temples including one of the main temple of Bali, Ulun Danu. Ulun Danu temple which was originally located in a large crater, and then moved to the top of the hill. Now, Ulun Danu temple offers a view of Mount Batur is charming.

You can reach the location of Mount Batur with a taxi or rent a car. You can also join a tour to visit the Mount Batur and Lake Batur. Tourists can change buses between South Bali and Lovina, then stopped at Kintamani.

Where to Stay
There are few accommodations ranging from star hotels to stay at home kind of Kintamani. You can choose one of them to stay according to your budget.

Dining
In Penelokan (which see), there are several restaurants, where you can relax and get a meal according to your taste.

Around
To round the Batur area, you only need to walk or can also rent a bicycle.

Dining Guide
In the north, terdpaadt a market, which will be full for three days ie on the Day PASEH (Balinese calendar). This is very interesting place to visit to see the variety of products ranging from plantation products such as oranges, corn, vegetables, fruits and flowers, dried fish; tools; ranch; pots and baskets; plus a clothing market that big. You can also see youth enterprise Kintamani dogs big and fluffy highly valued all over Bali and there is also a commercial use
Things to See or Do
Ulun Danu Batur, located near the village of Batur. This is the most important temple after Besakih, which has more than 90 temples. Very nice visit any time of year, especially during Odalan Festival, which usually happens in March but it depends on the full moon, which is dedicated to the god of the crater lake, which is said to control the irrigation system throughout the island.
Village Trunyan, mortuary traditions. Starting from Toya Bungkah, many boats will cross the

lake led to a Bali Aga village, known as Trunyan. This place is famous for its tradition of his body room. Pengkremasian different from the usual dead people all over the island of Bali, the people Trunyan leaving the body under a tree Trunyan to decompose naturally in a special cemetery. Even so, these bodies did not leave a strong scent.
Trekking around Mount Batur, the most popular tracks is the beginning of Toya Bungkah to the top of Mount Batur to see the sunrise. You can do this by way of trekking to ask in a group of local guides or tourist services contained therein.
Tips

• There are brilliant scene from Penelokan, if the weather was sunny. However, also prepare for wet weather conditions, cold, and cloudy, and the souvenir sellers are aggressive.


• Remember to bring a camera where the beautiful scenery can be grateful for and capture you.


• Many street vendors who sell a few souvenirs. If you do not want to buy anything from them, do not make contact with them unless you want to follow until you give in and buy from them.


• Better to visit Mount and Lake Batur in the dry season, this will make the lake activities available and can be enjoyed. Whereas in the rainy season, the view you'll get will be cloudy and wet.

Barong Dance and Keris.Bali

Barong is a symbol of goodness in Bali, that looks almost like a lion. On the dance will be performed Barong, the fight between good (barong) against the evil symbolized by Rangda (a very scary face like a giant). But none of them is that win or lose. All that is a reflection of the lives of everyday society where good and bad or positive and negative are always in our lives. Although basically everyone wants to get things from the story baik.Inti Barong dance is taken from wayang stories from India's biggest Hindu Mahabharata ie. In this story told, one of the Pandavas (5 brothers) is Sahadewa, would be sacrificed by his mother (Goddess Kunthi) to offer to the goddess Durga (the wife of Lord Shiva who had a very scary face). But it is time to sacrifice Goddess kunthi feel very sad and did not willingly offered his son and he wanted to cancel it. Therefore cunning goddess Durga Kunthi finally changed minds and immediately became very angry with Sahadewa. And finally Sahadewa tied under a tree, waiting for the right time to offer. At that moment comes Lord Vishnu gives grace to the Sahadewa that makes him invincible. And it comes down to the goddess Durga mebunuh Sahadewa, but they were not able to do. Durga eventually even ask Sahadewa to kill himself (Goddess Durga) so he could return to heaven. After he was killed, came Kalika (goddess Durga students) and tried to kill Sahadewa. But Kalika lost and he transformed into a wild boar, hunted by the people because then he transformed again into Bird pivot (big bird) and then try to beat Sahadewa. Again Kalika last defeated and he was transformed into the goddess Durga in the form of Rangda. At the same time Sahadewa transform themselves (transformed) into Barong and fought with Kalika. in this fight that no one loses or wins. Dance dance ends with Kris, who in perankan by several men who tried to stab himself with kris tetepi none of them get hurt, because their bodies have been entered by force can not be seen denagn visible. That is a brief story of the Barong dance, for more details, please sempatkan yourself to watch this dance if vacation to Bali. This dance can be witnessed in the village every day at Batubulan at 09.30 Wita. for one hour.

Tanah Lot.Tabanan.Bali

Tanah Lot is a tourist attraction in Bali, Indonesia. Here are two temples are located on on a large rock. One is located on the boulder and the other is located on the cliffs similar to Uluwatu Temple. Pura Tanah Lot is part of the temple Sad heaven, that is pretending that the joints of the island of Bali. Pura Tanah Lot sea temple is a place of worship the gods guard
Legend

According to legend, this temple was built by a Brahmin who wandered from Java. He is a successful Nirartha Danghyang strengthen the belief of the Balinese Hindus will be teaching and developing the heaven Sad in the 16th century. At that time the ruler Tanah Lot, Bendesa Beraben, jealous of him because his followers began to leave and follow Nirartha Danghyang. Beraben Bendesa Nirartha Danghyang told to leave the Tanah Lot. He agreed, and before he left the Tanah Lot with its power to move the boulder into the middle of the beach (not into the sea) and built temples there. He also changed into a snake scarf temple guards. This snake was still there until now and is scientifically snakes including sea snakes that have the characteristics of a flat tail like a fish, striped black and yellow and has a poison 3 times stronger than cobra snake. End of the legend has it that Bendesa Beraben 'finally' be a follower Danghyang Nirartha.

Location


Sightseeing lot of land situated in the Village Beraban Kediri Tabanan district, about 13 km west of Tabanan. North Pura Tanah Lot is a temple located on the cliff that jutted into the sea. This cliff temple connect with the land and shaped like a bridge (arch). Tanah Lot, famous as a beautiful place to watch the sunset (sunset), the tourists are usually crowded in the afternoon to see the beauty of the sunset here.